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  <h1 id="关于this对象"><a href="#关于this对象" class="headerlink" title="关于this对象"></a>关于this对象</h1><h2 id="this的概念"><a href="#this的概念" class="headerlink" title="this的概念"></a>this的概念</h2><p>它代表函数运行时，自动生成的一个内部对象，只能在函数内部使用 —— 阮一峰<br>这句话表明，this只与函数运行时的环境有关，而与初始化时的环境无关<br><a id="more"></a></p>
<h2 id="四种this的绑定方式"><a href="#四种this的绑定方式" class="headerlink" title="四种this的绑定方式"></a>四种this的绑定方式</h2><h3 id="默认绑定"><a href="#默认绑定" class="headerlink" title="默认绑定"></a>默认绑定</h3><figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">a</span>(<span class="params"></span>)</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="keyword">this</span>.bar)</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> bar = <span class="string">'bar1'</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> o1 = &#123;<span class="attr">bar</span>: <span class="string">'bar2'</span>, <span class="attr">foo</span>: a&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> o2 = &#123;<span class="attr">bar</span>: <span class="string">'bar3'</span>, <span class="attr">foo</span>: a&#125;</span><br><span class="line">a() <span class="comment">//'bar1'  默认绑定</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="隐式绑定"><a href="#隐式绑定" class="headerlink" title="隐式绑定"></a>隐式绑定</h3><figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">a</span>(<span class="params"></span>)</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="keyword">this</span>.bar)</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> bar = <span class="string">'bar1'</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> o1 = &#123;<span class="attr">bar</span>: <span class="string">'bar2'</span>, <span class="attr">foo</span>: a&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> o2 = &#123;<span class="attr">bar</span>: <span class="string">'bar3'</span>, <span class="attr">foo</span>: a&#125;</span><br><span class="line">o1.foo()<span class="comment">//'bar2' 隐式绑定</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//谁调用，就指向谁</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="显式绑定"><a href="#显式绑定" class="headerlink" title="显式绑定"></a>显式绑定</h3><p>如果函数通过call，apply，bind调用，那么这种绑定就称为显式绑定， this指向三个函数当中的参数<br><figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">a</span>(<span class="params"></span>)</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="keyword">this</span>.bar)</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> o = &#123;<span class="attr">bar</span>: <span class="string">'hhh'</span>&#125;</span><br><span class="line">a.call(o) <span class="comment">//'hhh'   显式绑定</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<h3 id="关键字new绑定"><a href="#关键字new绑定" class="headerlink" title="关键字new绑定"></a>关键字new绑定</h3><p>此时this指向new出来的那个对象<br><figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">a</span>(<span class="params"></span>)</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="keyword">this</span>.bar)</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> b = <span class="keyword">new</span> a() <span class="comment">//undefine</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<h2 id="箭头函数不一样"><a href="#箭头函数不一样" class="headerlink" title="箭头函数不一样"></a>箭头函数不一样</h2><p>箭头函数无视以上规则，this的值就是函数创建时所在的对象，对比以下两个例子</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">Person</span>(<span class="params"></span>)</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">this</span>.age = <span class="number">10</span></span><br><span class="line">	setTimeout(<span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params"></span>)</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">		<span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="keyword">this</span>.age) <span class="comment">//undefine</span></span><br><span class="line">	&#125;,<span class="number">1000</span>)</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> p = <span class="keyword">new</span> Person()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">Person</span>(<span class="params"></span>)</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">this</span>.age = <span class="number">10</span></span><br><span class="line">	setTimeout(<span class="function"><span class="params">()</span> =&gt;</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">		<span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="keyword">this</span>.age) <span class="comment">//10</span></span><br><span class="line">	&#125;,<span class="number">1000</span>)</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> p = <span class="keyword">new</span> Person()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>上述两个例子中，前者setTimeout内部的函数是<strong>global</strong>调用的，而global中没有age这一属性。后者使用了箭头函数，this就会绑定在Person上。</p>
<h2 id="绑定优先级"><a href="#绑定优先级" class="headerlink" title="绑定优先级"></a>绑定优先级</h2><p>1、箭头函数<br>2、关键字new<br>3、显示绑定<br>4、隐式绑定<br>5、默认绑定</p>
<h2 id="bind，apply，call的理解"><a href="#bind，apply，call的理解" class="headerlink" title="bind，apply，call的理解"></a>bind，apply，call的理解</h2><p>call 和 apply 都是为了解决改变 this 的指向，作用都是相同的，只是传参的方式不同。除了第一个参数外，call 可以接收一个参数列表（就是一个个传参），apply 只接受一个参数数组（把参数组合成为一个数组）。返回值是函数的返回值，若函数无返回值，则返回undefine</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> a = &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    value: <span class="number">1</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">getValue</span>(<span class="params">name, age</span>) </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(name)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(age)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="keyword">this</span>.value)</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">getValue.call(a, <span class="string">'yck'</span>, <span class="string">'24'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">getValue.apply(a, [<span class="string">'yck'</span>, <span class="string">'24'</span>])</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>bind作用和上面两个一样，传参和call一样，但是返回的是改变了this指向后的<strong>函数</strong></p>
<h3 id="分别手动实现call-apply-bind"><a href="#分别手动实现call-apply-bind" class="headerlink" title="分别手动实现call, apply, bind"></a>分别手动实现call, apply, bind</h3><p>实现的依据与原理很简单：函数的this，谁调用，就指向谁</p>
<h4 id="实现一个call"><a href="#实现一个call" class="headerlink" title="实现一个call"></a>实现一个call</h4><p>思路：<br>1.、这个函数怎么下手，换句话说，写在哪里<br>call是所有函数自带的属性，我们要自定义一个call，当然是给Function类型添加myCall属性<br>2、函数接收的参数<br>第一个参数是被绑定对象，所以函数参数是第二个接收参数及其之后的参数<br>3、这个this指向怎么改变<br>如果调用者函数，被某一个对象所拥有，那么该函数在调用时，内部的this指向该对象。</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">Function</span>.prototype.myCall = functon(context)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">//获取参数中被绑定的上下文</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">var</span> ctx = context || <span class="built_in">window</span></span><br><span class="line">	</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">//将当前执行的这个函数作为一个属性加入到上下文中</span></span><br><span class="line">	ctx.fun = <span class="keyword">this</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">//将第二个及其之后的参数取出来(也可能没有)</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">var</span> args = [...arguments].slice(<span class="number">1</span>)</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">//在上下文环境中执行这个函数，触发隐式绑定，同时保存返回值</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">var</span> res = ctx.fun(...args)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">//删除ctx中的fun，避免造成污染</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">delete</span> ctx.fun</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">return</span> res</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="实现一个apply"><a href="#实现一个apply" class="headerlink" title="实现一个apply"></a>实现一个apply</h4><p>掌握了实现call，那么apply也就依葫芦画瓢了</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">Function</span>.prototype.myApply = functon(context)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">//获取参数中被绑定的上下文</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">var</span> ctx = context || <span class="built_in">window</span></span><br><span class="line">	</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">//将当前执行的这个函数作为一个属性加入到上下文中</span></span><br><span class="line">	ctx.fun = <span class="keyword">this</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">//判断是否存在第二个参数</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">var</span> res</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">if</span>(<span class="built_in">arguments</span>[<span class="number">1</span>])&#123;</span><br><span class="line">		res = ctx.fun(...arguments[<span class="number">1</span>])</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">else</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">		res = ctx.fun()</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="comment">//删除ctx中的fun，避免造成污染</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">delete</span> ctx.fun</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="keyword">return</span> res</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="实现一个bind"><a href="#实现一个bind" class="headerlink" title="实现一个bind"></a>实现一个bind</h4><p>这个和上述两个不一样，一个是返回值，call和apply返回函数执行结果，而bind返回的是函数。call和apply会立即执行函数，但是bind并不立即执行<br>bind 返回了一个函数，对于函数来说有两种方式调用，一种是直接调用，一种是通过 new 的方式，所以两种方式都要考虑到</p>
<ul>
<li>对于直接调用来说，这里选择了 apply 的方式实现，但是对于参数需要注意以下情况：<strong>因为 bind 可以实现类似这样的代码 f.bind(obj, 1)(2)，所以我们需要将两边的参数拼接起来，于是就有了这样的实现 args.concat(…arguments)</strong></li>
<li>通过 new 的方式。对于 new 的情况来说，不会被任何方式改变 this，所以对于这种情况我们需要忽略传入的 this</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">Function</span>.prototype.myBind = <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params">context</span>) </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">if</span> (<span class="keyword">typeof</span> <span class="keyword">this</span> !== <span class="string">'function'</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">throw</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">TypeError</span>(<span class="string">'Error'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">const</span> self = <span class="keyword">this</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">const</span> args = [...arguments].slice(<span class="number">1</span>)</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">// 返回一个函数</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">var</span> fbound = <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">  	<span class="keyword">var</span> bindArgs = <span class="built_in">Array</span>.prototype.slice.call(<span class="built_in">arguments</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 当作为构造函数时，this 指向实例，self 指向绑定函数，因为原型链被复制，所以此时结果为 true，当结果为 true 的时候，忽略this</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 当作为普通函数时，this 指向 window，self 指向绑定函数，此时结果为 false，当结果为 false 的时候，this 指向绑定的 context。</span></span><br><span class="line">    self.apply(<span class="keyword">this</span> <span class="keyword">instanceof</span> self ? <span class="keyword">this</span> : context, args.concat(bindArgs));</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 复制一下原型链，</span></span><br><span class="line">   fbound.prototype = <span class="keyword">this</span>.prototype;</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="keyword">return</span> fbound;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
 
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